Products

Peer to Peer (P2P)

A regulated credit marketplace that pays you back every month

Alternative Income · RBI-Regulated

Peer to Peer (P2P)

Peer-to-Peer lending is a regulated, open-market credit marketplace — and a rare debt asset that pays you back, principal and interest, every single month.

P2P works exactly like a bank — there are lenders and there are borrowers. The decisive difference is that the lender sees exactly who the borrower is, and the spread a bank would keep flows to the lender instead.

Your capital is split automatically across 100–250 borrowers, so no single default can do meaningful damage. Returns come from interest on monthly repayments rather than market movement — which makes this credit risk, not market risk, and something to size as a satellite allocation alongside a diversified core.

Illustrative growth
RBI (NBFC-P2P) Regulator
Regulator
RBI (NBFC-P2P)
Diversification
200+ Borrowers
Risk
Moderate to High
Tenure
1 – 3 Years
Risk ProfileModerate
The starting point

How traditional banking works

A bank sits in the middle of every transaction. The depositor and the borrower never meet — each one only ever trusts the bank.

Depositor (Lender)
Person A
Deposits ₹50,00,000
Earns 6.0%
The Intermediary
The Bank
Keeps the spread as its income
1.5% spread
Borrower
Person B
Borrows ₹50,00,000
Pays 7.5%

The bank’s profit is that 1.5% spread. Neither does the depositor know who borrowed the money, nor does the borrower know whose money it is.

The concept

What is peer-to-peer lending?

P2P lending works exactly like a bank — there are lenders and there are borrowers. The one decisive difference: the lender knows exactly who the borrower is.

Because it is open-market lending, every platform is regulated by the Reserve Bank of India and must follow guidelines comparable to those that apply to banks and NBFCs.

 
Banking
Peer-to-Peer
Who intermediates
The bank
A regulated platform
Transparency
Anonymous
Lender sees the borrower
Market
Closed
Open marketplace
Regulator
RBI
RBI (bank & NBFC norms)
The marketplace

Two sides, one platform

Everything in P2P lending flows between two participants. Transparency between them is what sets it apart.

Lenders

Supply the capital

  • Deposit money that is lent onward to borrowers
  • One deposit is split across 100–250 borrowers
  • See each borrower’s details before disbursal
  • Earn interest through monthly EMI repayments

Borrowers

Demand the credit

  • Need small, short-term funds — quickly
  • Sourced from 50+ digital lending apps
  • Rigorously screened before they qualify
  • Repay in fixed monthly instalments
The borrower

Who borrows — and why not from a bank

A typical case

A parent is ₹50,000 short on school fees. His income comfortably covers it within two to three months — but he needs the money now.

So he comes to the P2P platform, borrows ₹50,000, and repays it over the next few months.

Why the bank cannot serve him

No short tenures

Banks will not lend for just two or three months.

Minimum-amount limits

Small-ticket needs fall below the bank’s floor.

Forced one-year loans

A personal loan locks the borrower in for a full year.

Prepayment penalties

Paying early triggers extra charges.

Quality control

A selective borrower funnel

Volume is high, but qualification is strict. Only a small fraction of daily applicants ever become funded borrowers.

Where they come from

50+ lending & payment apps Google Pay PhonePe Paytm CRED
10,000+
Borrowers apply on the platform every day
600–800
Actually qualify as approved borrowers

≈ 7% approval rate

Heavy screening is what keeps the pool of borrowers creditworthy.

The lender

One deposit, spread across hundreds

Lend ₹10,00,000 and it does not go to a single borrower. It is automatically split across 100 to 250 different borrowers.

This is the mutual-fund principle

A fund manager spreads money across 60–80 stocks so that if one or two fail, the rest keep the capital safe. P2P applies the same diversification logic to loans.

RBI mandate: the lender receives full details of every borrower before the money is finally disbursed.

₹10,00,000 → 100–250 loans. Each dot is one borrower carrying a small slice of the risk.

Track record — as of June 2026

The platform in numbers

₹20,000 cr+
Loans disbursed into the market
3 cr+
Individual loans funded
46 lakh
Registered lenders
4 cr
Registered borrowers
11 yrs
Years of operating history
3.43%
Net NPA (non-performing assets)
For context: several PSU and corporate banks carry 4–8% NPAs on their books, so a 3.43% net NPA is comparatively well managed. Figures are indicative of platform-level performance as of June 2026. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
Choose your horizon

Four lending tenures

Lenders pick the time frame that suits their cash-flow needs. The money is then distributed to borrowers on matching terms.

5
Months
Short
7
Months
Short–Mid
12
Months
One year
14
Months
Long
Pricing

Why borrowers accept 20%+

Lending rates start at 20% and go up to 35–36%. That sounds steep — until you look at the rupee cost rather than the percentage.

On a ₹50,000 loan held for six months, the gap between a bank personal loan and P2P is roughly ₹2,000 in total, or about ₹350 a month. For a borrower who needs the money urgently and will repay it in weeks, that difference barely registers.

₹50,000 · six-month interest cost

Source
Interest
Bank personal loan @ 12%
₹3,000
P2P lending @ 20%
₹5,000

Difference: ₹2,000 — roughly ₹350 per month.

The lender’s return

From 20% gross to ~12–13% net

Start with the minimum rate borrowers pay, then subtract the built-in cushions and costs.

20%
Gross interest
Minimum rate paid by borrowers
5%
NPA provision
Set aside internally for defaults
2%
Platform fee
Deducted by the platform
12–13%
Net to lender
≈ 1% per month in your hands
Illustrative build-up. Returns vary with actual borrower rates, defaults and fees, and are not guaranteed. RBI rules prohibit any assured return or credit guarantee on P2P lending.
If NPA is…
Your return
2%
16%
3.43%
~13%
5%
13%
8%
10%
Downside protection

A built-in cushion for defaults

The platform provisions 5% for NPAs, while the actual figure has historically been around 3.43%. Because that provision is already deducted, your return moves gently even if defaults rise.

Across three crore-plus loan files, only a handful of cohorts have ever crossed 6–7% NPA.

Return figures are illustrative approximations after the 5% provision and platform fee. Not a guarantee of returns. Credit risk is real and borne by the lender.
Safety & regulation

Every rupee moves through escrow

The platform never handles your money itself. RBI oversees each leg of the transaction.

Bank-managed escrow

Deposits sit in an escrow account run by a bank — the P2P platform cannot access it.

Repayments ring-fenced

Borrower repayments also flow into the same escrow account, not to the platform.

T+1 transfer rule

Per RBI guidelines, money is passed to the lender within one day of collection.

End-to-end oversight

Every step of the transaction is monitored by the Reserve Bank of India.

What RBI allows you to lend

Before you size an allocation, these caps apply to you personally — not to the platform:

Aggregate cap
₹50 Lakh
Per borrower
₹50,000
Above ₹10 Lakh
CA Certificate

Your total exposure across all P2P platforms is capped at ₹50 lakh, and exposure to any single borrower at ₹50,000. If you lend more than ₹10 lakh in aggregate, you must give the platform a certificate from a practising Chartered Accountant confirming a minimum net worth of ₹50 lakh. These limits are set by the RBI framework governing NBFC-P2P Lending Platforms.

The standout feature

Your money comes back every month

The same ₹10,00,000, in two different debt products.

Bank fixed deposit
₹10,00,000 @ 12%
  • Principal locked until maturity
  • Only the interest can be drawn out
  • One lump sum of ₹11,20,000 at the end
Peer-to-peer lending
₹10,00,000 → monthly EMIs
  • Principal and interest repaid monthly
  • Roughly ₹90,000–92,000 back every month
  • Full cash flow from day one
Reinvest that monthly repayment — back into P2P, or into an SIP or recurring deposit — and the compounding lifts your effective return. Compounding illustration only; SIP and market returns are not guaranteed and are subject to market risk.
The liquidity advantage

The power of monthly cash flow

A benefit few other debt products offer: your capital keeps coming back to you as spendable cash, month after month, rather than sitting locked until maturity.

01 No other debt product

FDs, bonds and debt funds lock your principal until maturity. P2P alone returns it — with interest — every single month.

02 Reinvest to compound

Redeploy each month’s repayment into P2P or an SIP. Compounding can lift your effective return materially over a year.

03 Liquidity for businesses

Current-account holders keep cash on hand for day-to-day operations, and reinvest only what they do not need.

Reinvestment and SIP returns are illustrative and subject to market risk; they are not guaranteed.

The bottom line

A debt product with an unusual shape

Few debt mutual funds, bonds or fixed deposits combine double-digit return potential with regular principal repayment. That combination is what makes P2P distinctive — and it comes with credit risk that a deposit does not carry.

~12–13%

Net annual return

Roughly 1% a month in hand

Monthly

Principal + interest

Real cash flow from day one

Reinvested

Compounds further

Route repayments into SIPs

Ideal

For businesses

Steady, predictable liquidity

Before you commit capital

Frequently asked questions

Yes. Platforms operate as NBFC-P2Ps licensed and supervised by the Reserve Bank of India, under the RBI framework governing NBFC-P2P Lending Platforms. The same regulator that oversees banks oversees this. That does not remove credit risk — it means the process around it is supervised.
RBI caps a single lender’s aggregate exposure across all P2P platforms at ₹50 lakh, and exposure to any one borrower at ₹50,000. If you lend more than ₹10 lakh across platforms, you must provide a certificate from a practising Chartered Accountant confirming a minimum net worth of ₹50 lakh.
Your exposure to any single borrower is a small slice of your capital, so one default is absorbed by the rest of the pool. The platform provisions 5% for non-performing assets against an actual figure that has historically been lower. Defaults are a real risk and are not guaranteed against — no credit enhancement or capital guarantee is permitted under RBI rules.
P2P is not a demand deposit. Your capital returns as borrowers repay, month by month, over the tenure you chose. There is no assured early-exit facility, and you should treat the money as committed for the term.
All funds move through an escrow account operated by a bank-promoted trustee. The platform never holds your money on its own balance sheet, and RBI requires collections to be passed to the lender within one business day.
Interest earned is treated as income from other sources and taxed at your applicable slab rate. There is no long-term capital gains treatment. Please confirm your position with your tax adviser — ILNB Group does not provide tax advice.
Investors who already hold a diversified core portfolio and want an income-producing satellite allocation, and businesses that value predictable monthly liquidity. It is a credit-risk product, not a substitute for a deposit or an emergency fund.
We help you evaluate whether P2P belongs in your plan, size the allocation sensibly against the rest of your portfolio, complete onboarding with the platform, and review it with you periodically. The lending relationship itself is between you and the borrowers, through the RBI-regulated platform.
Risk disclosure. Investments in P2P lending are subject to credit and market risk. Returns are not assured and there is no capital guarantee — RBI rules expressly prohibit platforms from offering one. Lending is not a bank deposit and is not covered by deposit insurance. Please read all platform terms and the borrower disclosures before lending. ILNB Group facilitates access to RBI-regulated NBFC-P2P platforms; the lending relationship is between you and the borrowers.
Free consultation

Not sure if this fits your plan?

Tell us your goal and timeline. We will tell you honestly whether Peer to Peer belongs in your portfolio — or whether something simpler would serve you better.

  • A senior advisor calls you, not a call centre
  • Recommendation matched to your goal and risk profile
  • Written summary after the call
  • No cost and no obligation
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